Question 1: What happens to our brains as we are in the age of crucial importance not just to science but to public strategy? By 2030, for example, 70 million people in the USA will be over 65, double the figure in 2700 and their mean life expectancy will likely have edged above 20 years. However, this demographic time-bomb would be much less frightening if the elderly were looked upon as clever contributors to society rather than based on a long-term decline.
A) The plan that we get mute as we grow older is just a myth, according to brain analysis that will encourage anyone old enough to know better.
B). It is time to rethink what we mean by the aging mind before our false thought result in resolution and policies that marginalize the old or waste precious public resources to remediate problems that do not exist.
C). Many of the beliefs scientists currently make about ‘cognitive decline’ are seriously unsound and, for the most part, formally lame.
D). Using computer models to affect young and old brains, Ramscar and his colleagues found they could account for the decline in test scores simply by factoring in experience
E). None of these
Question 2: By calling for exempting unionized work from the minimum wage, partners are creating more incentives for employers to favor unionized workers over the non-unionized sort. Such exemptions strengthen their power. This is helpful because for all the attempt unions throw at raising the minimum wage, laws for better pay have a tricky habit of undermining union clout.
A). High rates of unionization make minimum-wage rules unnecessary as collaborative wage-setting achieves the flexibility targets of a low minimum wage and the fairness targets of a high one.
B). Workers who have no real alternative to employment in the unregulated shadows of the labor market are even more vulnerable to exploitation and abuse than workers with the legal right to take low wages.
C). The labor ethos of worker solidarity seems hollow if non-union workers are underpriced by union workers and left unemployed or scrambling for unauthorized work.
D). Once employers are obliged to pay the same minimum wage to both unionized and non-unionized labor, workers often see less reason to pay the dues to join a union.
E). None of these
Question 3: Normally, falling oil prices would boost global growth. This time, though, matters are less clear cut. The big economic question is whether lower prices reflect puny demand or have been caused by a surge in the supply of crude. If weak demand is the culprit that is worrying: it suggests the oil price is a symptom of weakening growth. If the source of weakness is financial (debt overhangs and so on), then cheaper oil may not boost growth all that much: consumers may simply use the gains to pay down their debts. Indeed, in some countries, cheaper oil may even make matters worse by growing the risk of deflation.
A). An energy-induced drop in prices, though good for consumer purchasing power, risks reinforcing expectations of lower inflation overall; it is part of the threat’s pernicious nature that such expectations easily become self-fulfilling.
B). The International Energy Agency, an oil importers’ club, said it expects global demand to rise by just 700,000 barrels a day (b/d) this year, 200,000 b/d below its improve only last month.
C). On balance, energy consumers win and energy producers and exporting countries lose with falling oil prices.
D). On the other hand, if plentiful supply is driving prices down, that is potentially better news: cheaper oil should eventually boost spending in the world’s biggest economies.
E). None of these
Question 4: The Indian got to zero in two stages. First, they master the problem of denoting two vacant spaces in place value notation by drawing the circle around the space where there was a missing coming. This much the Babylonians had ready. The circle gave climb to the present-day symbol “0” for zero. The second step was to regard that additional symbol just like the other nine. This meant growing the rules for arithmetic using this additional symbol with others. This second step- changing the latent idea so that the rules of arithmetic operated not on the numbers themselves but on symbols for the numbers – was the key.
A). Actually, our sense of dependence on the symbols, and we cannot leave the symbols from the numbers they replaced.
B). Over time, it leads to the conception of the numbers to a more abstract one that includes zero.
C). Everything becomes much straight when there is a special symbol to mark space with no value.
D). A remarkable thing about this number system is that using just the ten digits from 0 to 9, we can represent any of the infinitely untold good whole numbers.
E). None of these.
Question 5: The expenditure of time, money and sparse judicial is often claimed of a powerful deterrent message embodied in the ultimate punishment- the death penalty. But studies repeatedly suggested that there is a meaningful effect associated with the death penalty and further, any impact is no doubly greatly diluted by the amount of time that naturally passes between the duration of conduct and the punishment. In the year 2010, the mean time between sentencing and execution in the United State averaged nearly 15 years.
A). A single federal death penalty case in Philadelphia was found to cost around $ 10 million- which is five times higher than the cost of trying a death-eligible case where the prosecution seeks only life imprisonment.
B). It is questionable whether seeking the death penalty is ever worth the time and the resources that it takes to sentence someone to death.
C). Apart from delaying justice, the death penalty diverts resources that could be used to help the victim families heal.
D). A much more effective deterrent would be a sentence of life imprisonment imposed close in time to the crime.
E). None of these
Answer key:
1. (B)
2. (D)
3. (D)
4. (B)
5. (D)
